Abstracted/indexed

Determining the behavior of domestic water consumers can facilitate a more proactive approach to water demand management. The findings show that people with higher incomes in urban areas are using more water than people with lower incomes. The water usage depends on the living standards, family size, age, and education. Results showed that the total domestic water consumption is negatively correlated with education level.

In this research, we investigated the effect of preparation conditions (MPD contact time, TMC reaction time, and addition of an amine salt) on the FO performance in terms of water flux and salt flux. The results showed that increasing MPD contact time resulted in a significant increase in the water flux and salt flux. However, increasing TMC reaction time caused a decline in both the water flux and the salt flux.

Our work investigates the settling behaviour of natural granules applied in drinking water treatment plants. We show that these natural granules have a tendency to show a considerably large deviation in terms of their settling velocity; this is contrary to what many velocity prediction models assume. In the current work we present and discuss the factors which contribute to the observed deviation in drag and settling velocity. It connects full-scale operations and research.

This study is to prepare a cellulose paper was impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the purpose of water purification (Disinfection (removal of several types of bacteria) and filtration). Sliver nanoparticles used in this work exhibit a broad size distribution with highly reactive facets. AgNPs paper provided rapid and effective bactericidal activity as the bacterially contamination.

We investigated the effect of long exposure to sunlight (as is practised by retailers & peddlers in Bauchi state, Nigeria) of commercial plastic bottled drinking water. Level of physical/chemical parameters were measured for five (5) brands & found that levels of pH, Antimony, Nitrates & Bisphenol A changed significantly as the time of exposure increased. Thus, highlighting the importance of proper monitoring of storage & retailing of plastic bottle products to safeguard health of consumers.

Although we are live in water planet but the available amount water for human activities has shortage. Also, the water distribution network suffers from the leakage which causes losses great amount of water. Due to the water distribution network is built under ground so the discovering of the leakage is very difficult and its fixation is very hard. So, this research detect the place of leakage in the network without dinning the ground and automatically control the leakage.

Providing potable drinkable water from saline or heavily polluted water using renewable energy has been further explored. Solar desalination, an eco-friendly, readily accessible and affordable technology. We have shown that there is a direct relationship and huge dependency of solar still daily distillate yield on the solar radiation intensity and the temperature difference between the condensing inner glass cover and the water. Hope of drinkable water for all through solar powered technology.

This study analysed the impact of an extreme weather event, water quality deterioration and a growing drinking water demand on the sustainability of drinking water supply in the Netherlands. The results of the case studies were compared to sustainability issues for drinking water supply that are experienced worldwide. This resulted in a set of sustainability characteristics, describing drinking water supply on a local scale in terms of hydrological, technical and socio-economic characteristics.

Contamination of ground water as a result of industrial effluents has been on rampage. Thus, this research work investigated physico-chemical properties of ground water samples collected from both industrial and residential locations via prescribed standard procedures of American Public Health Association. Results revealed residential ground water samples to be more suitable for drinking than those from industrial locations due to contaminations from industrial effluents.

Shock chlorination was not used in drinking water production process. This because the dechlorination process is a slow-motion technique. To overcome this difficulty, an aeration process was suggested. this work demonstrates how fast it is. It is concluded that shock chlorination followed by shock aerated dechlorination can produce high-quality water, zero bacterial content with zero Chlorine content.

Froth is produced without chemicals. this froth was proven to hold bacteria to be withdrawn continuously in order to purify drinking water from bacteria. The question now is that how far can this process go to produce high-quality drinking water from the bacterial sense. This work examines that. it was concluded that nearly half of the bacterial content can be removed in such a process.

As the froth is produced without chemicals, this introduces to use this technique to separate bacteria in drinking water. The problem now does this froth can hold bacteria or not. If yes, froth can be withdrawn continuously in order to purify drinking water. This work explores that.

Froth flotation is a well-known solid-liquid separation technique. Hydrophobicity is the main driving force for such processes. Hydrophobic solids attach to air bubbles and rise up while hydrophilic or less hydrophobic species settle down. Unfortunately, when dealing with drinking water, it is not allowed to add any chemical fothers that needed to such a process because it may deteriorate the water quality. This work summarizes how to skip this difficulty and produce froth without chemicals.

Leaks are major concern for a water distribution network. Leak detection and optimal sensor placement for localisation of leaks are discussed. By increasing the number of sensors leak detection accuracy can be improved but cost of deployment increases. So we have to place optimal number of sensors at optimal places. Classification of water distribution network as normal and abnormal data are done with high accuracy. Optimisation,placing optimal sensors at optimal places also done with high accuracy.

Potable drinking water is one of he major key factor to survive for every human being, our 80 % daily activity is connected with water and still we can get water only in limited hours, due to this sufferer, it was much advisable, easy, feasible and economic to have 24x7 water supply with adequate pressure, quality and quantity. Hence here I have done case study with detail research and feasibility of existing area of city to create new smart city.

Activated carbon has been produced using Microwave and ordinary furnace. Multi packed adsorption bed of AC was used as semi continuous to treat organic simulated waste water. high adsorption rate was demonstrated by AC generated by the microwave method in compare with the second type.

In this study, the final results of FLOW-3D numerical model results were compared with experimental results and the SSIIM model results. With the aim of quantitative investigation of bed changes result, experimental and software result were compared in transverse and longitudinal sections. The results show that FLOW-3D model is more accurate than SSIIM model, while in the high discharge, FLOW-3D model accuracy is very low and unacceptable.

This paper presents the application of a methodology to estimate RDII on a Portuguese case study. A two-step based methodology based in hydraulic modelling and assessment and performance evaluation was explained and applied. The aim of the study was to estimate the amount of RDII in the sanitary system and locate the priority intervention areas mostly concerning direct rainwater inflow.

The aim this study is to modelling of mineral resources of underground water in karst mountain area of Maros-Pangkep, Indonesia using Boltzmann lattice-gas automata method. The simulation results showed that the greater the time duration, the more different fluid motion pattern. For the state of the karst region, this means that the heterogeneous medium karst very unstable and affect the movement of the particles.

This paper for study my governorate Damietta, to evaluation the quality of drinking water

Sustainability is a complex multi-functional approach & arsenic poisoning is a socio-political important issue for achieving SDGs in drinking sector of Bangladesh. This societal need has introduced small technologies those are helping rural poor peoples for accessing to safe drinking water. However, managing the generated arsenic-laden has been avoiding since very beginning. In this vein, this study is proposing a framework for analyzing & achieving long-term sustainability in this sector.

In this study, the use of clay in combination with biodegradable polymeric flocculants is investigated to remove micropollutants from wastewater effectively. Experimental studies were carried out with four different clays to select the best clay for further optimisation. The removal achieved is in the range of 10-99% based on the clay concentration of 10 mg/L-50 g/L. The clay flocculation efficiency test leads towards 80-84% of the clay being flocculated by the polymer from the water matrixes.