Articles | Volume 9, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-9-47-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-9-47-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Do low-cost ceramic water filters improve water security in rural South Africa?
Jens Lange
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79098, Germany
Tineke Materne
Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79098, Germany
Jörg Grüner
Forest Botany, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg,
Freiburg, 79098, Germany
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Fluorescent tracers such as uranine and sulforhodamine B are useful tools to gain knowledge about water and solute fluxes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In batch experiments, we investigated systematically the influence of pH, organic carbon and texture on tracer adsorption on soils and sediments and quantified their impact and possible interactions. Overall, the investigated controls determine if the respective tracer shows more conservative or more non-conservative transport behaviour.
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Soil moisture was observed along a strong semi-arid climatic gradient in a Mediterranean karst area. Soil moisture data and soil hydraulic modelling with Hydrus-1D revealed a strong dependency of percolation fluxes with rainfall amounts and intensity during heavy rainfall events. Spatial and temporal extrapolation of the model illustrated the high variability of seasonal percolation amounts among single years and showed strong correlations between soil depth and potential groundwater recharge.
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Short summary
Here we investigate the suitability of a specific low-cost water filter for drinking water treatment in households of rural South Africa. Distributed in the field, none of 51 individually tested water filters produced water without distinct contamination, and more than one-third even deteriorated hygienic water quality. We therefore recommend frequent monitoring of the filter performance at the point of use and identify dip slides as an efficient tool to assess critical contamination.
Here we investigate the suitability of a specific low-cost water filter for drinking water...