Contamination of water resources is continuously compounded as a result of rapid industrial development, particularly in heavily populated urban areas. This work proposes a water treatment method from endocrine disrupting resin Bisphenol A by means of photodegradation and oxidation techniques. The methodology was developed after many lab experiments, and we believe that our results will support future research on water purification techniques from organic contamination products.

About 20 % of the world population lives in areas without sufficient portable water; 97 % of the water on the earth is seawater. Understanding the level of salinity/TDS of seawater is a necessity. Currently, determination of salt content is by chemical analysis and is time-consuming. Our research is to develop a lab on chip optical sensor to measure the percentage of salinity in water. Even a small % of salinity change in water can be detected in real time by the sensor continuously with accuracy.

Here we investigate the suitability of a specific low-cost water filter for drinking water treatment in households of rural South Africa. Distributed in the field, none of 51 individually tested water filters produced water without distinct contamination, and more than one-third even deteriorated hygienic water quality. We therefore recommend frequent monitoring of the filter performance at the point of use and identify dip slides as an efficient tool to assess critical contamination.

The relationship between landform class and drinking water quality based on content of inorganic components shows that drinking water quality based on content of inorganic components is high in the stream, valleys, upland drainages, and local ridge classes, and low in the plain small and midslope classes. In fact we can predict water quality using extraction of landform class from a DEM by the TPI method, so that stream, valleys, upland drainages, and local ridge classes have more water quality.