Articles | Volume 12, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-12-45-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-12-45-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Water reclamation for industrial use in sub-Saharan Africa – a critical review
Noor Jehan Gulamussen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of
Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
Faculty of Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, P.O. Box 257,
Maputo, Mozambique
André Marques Arsénio
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of
Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
Nelson Pedro Matsinhe
Faculty of Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, P.O. Box 257,
Maputo, Mozambique
Louis Cornelis Rietveld
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of
Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
Related authors
No articles found.
Petra Ross, Kim van Schagen, and Luuk Rietveld
Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 13, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-13-1-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-13-1-2020, 2020
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In this paper it was shown which water quality information is required to be measured online to ensure the production of good-quality drinking water. This was determined by following a seven-step approach, which helped to understand the processes taking place as well as their dynamics. It was shown that the use of a single instrument able to measure different parameters can be beneficial.
Juan Pablo Gutiérrez, Doris van Halem, and Luuk Rietveld
Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 10, 13–26, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-10-13-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-10-13-2017, 2017
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In Colombia in the last decades, turbidity and contamination events have become a major concern for many environmental authorities and drinking water companies. Therefore, there is a need for alternative technologies to improve the quality of the source water used for the water supply. This article assesses the potential of using riverbank filtration for the highly turbid waters in Colombia, emphasizing water quality improvement and the influence of clogging by suspended solids.
Juan Pablo Gutiérrez, Doris van Halem, and Luuk Cornelis Rietveld
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-219, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-219, 2016
Manuscript not accepted for further review
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The particulate matter (PM) contained in river can be responsible for interference with disinfection and conveying disease-causing compounds. It was studied the composition of PM in a highly turbid river (Cauca) to determine the characteristics during rainy and dry conditions, concluding that its concentration depended merely on precipitation events, leading to soil erosion due to agricultural practices. The South Canal was identified as one of the main contributors to organic particulate matter.
M. F. Mohd Amin, S. G. J. Heijman, and L. C. Rietveld
Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/dwesd-8-177-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwesd-8-177-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
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In this study, the use of clay in combination with biodegradable polymeric flocculants is investigated to remove micropollutants from wastewater effectively. Experimental studies were carried out with four different clays to select the best clay for further optimisation. The removal achieved is in the range of 10-99% based on the clay concentration of 10 mg/L-50 g/L. The clay flocculation efficiency test leads towards 80-84% of the clay being flocculated by the polymer from the water matrixes.
A. S. El-Kalliny, S. F. Ahmed, L. C. Rietveld, and P. W. Appel
Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 7, 41–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-7-41-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-7-41-2014, 2014
A. Grefte, M. Dignum, E. R. Cornelissen, and L. C. Rietveld
Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 6, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-6-1-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-6-1-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Treatment: Water treatment in developing countries
Solar distillation of impure water from four different water sources under the southwestern Nigerian climate
Numerical analysis of the circular settling tank
Use of an external organic carbon source in the removal of nitrates in bio-sand filters (BSFs)
Do low-cost ceramic water filters improve water security in rural South Africa?
Household water treatment and safe storage – effectiveness and economics
Low-cost multi-stage filtration enhanced by coagulation-flocculation in upflow gravel filtration
Saheed A. Adio, Emmanuel A. Osowade, Adam O. Muritala, Adebayo A. Fadairo, Kamar T. Oladepo, Surajudeen O. Obayopo, and Paul O. Fase
Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 14, 81–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-14-81-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-14-81-2021, 2021
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Providing drinkable potable water from saline or heavily polluted water using renewable energy is further explored. Solar desalination is an eco-friendly, accessible and affordable technology. We show that there is a direct relationship between and huge dependency on solar still daily distillate yield in the solar radiation intensity and the temperature difference between the condensing inner glass cover and the water. Hence, we hope to have drinkable water for all using solar power technology.
Elahe Chero, Mohammadamin Torabi, Hamidreza Zahabi, Anahita Ghafoorisadatieh, and Keivan Bina
Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 12, 39–44, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-12-39-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-12-39-2019, 2019
Crispen Mutsvangwa and Evans Matope
Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 10, 119–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-10-119-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-10-119-2017, 2017
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Low-income countries lack the capacity to remove chemical contaminants like nitrates. Hence, an economical water filtration technology was explored, which is bio-sand filtration. In order to enhance the removal of nitrates through denitrification, a modified bio-sand filter with ethanol as an external carbon source at C / N ratios of 1.1 and 1.8 was investigated. The results of the research showed a removal rate of 53 % at a C / N ratio of 1.8.
Jens Lange, Tineke Materne, and Jörg Grüner
Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 9, 47–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-9-47-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-9-47-2016, 2016
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Here we investigate the suitability of a specific low-cost water filter for drinking water treatment in households of rural South Africa. Distributed in the field, none of 51 individually tested water filters produced water without distinct contamination, and more than one-third even deteriorated hygienic water quality. We therefore recommend frequent monitoring of the filter performance at the point of use and identify dip slides as an efficient tool to assess critical contamination.
Stefanie M. L. Stubbé, Alida Pelgrim-Adams, Gabor L. Szántó, and Doris van Halem
Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 9, 9–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-9-9-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-9-9-2016, 2016
Short summary
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Household Water Treatment and safe Storage (HWTS) systems aim to provide safe drinking
water in an affordable manner. The effectiveness of these systems to remove pathogens is crucial for the health of its users. Different researches report wide ranges of effectiveness for each of the three selected systems: SODIS, ceramic and biosand filters. The resources available for the prices of HWTS also report wide ranges. In the data available no relation was observed between price and effectiveness.
L. D. Sánchez, L. M. Marin, J. T. Visscher, and L. C. Rietveld
Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 5, 73–85, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-5-73-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-5-73-2012, 2012
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Short summary
This review paper aims to give an overview of the global trends on water reclamation with a focus on industrial use and to derive lessons for implementation of water reclamation projects in sub-Saharan Africa. It shows that consolidated experience exists about technology and management practices that allows successful implementation of water reclamation projects in the region and contributes to enhancing the understanding of the use of reclaimed water in industry.
This review paper aims to give an overview of the global trends on water reclamation with a...