Articles | Volume 12, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-12-45-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-12-45-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Water reclamation for industrial use in sub-Saharan Africa – a critical review
Noor Jehan Gulamussen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of
Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
Faculty of Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, P.O. Box 257,
Maputo, Mozambique
André Marques Arsénio
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of
Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
Nelson Pedro Matsinhe
Faculty of Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, P.O. Box 257,
Maputo, Mozambique
Louis Cornelis Rietveld
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of
Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
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Cited
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Contribution of Illicit Drug Use to Pharmaceutical Load in the Environment: A Focus on Sub‐Saharan Africa A. Ripanda et al. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9056476
- Challenges of wastewater generation and management in sub-Saharan Africa: A Review M. Onu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2023.100686
- Systematic review on the global strategies and regulatory frameworks for treated wastewater reuse C. da Silva et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teengi.2025.100036
- Measuring household affordability for treated wastewater for non-potable purposes S. Das et al. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2026.191
- Exploring the Microbial Ecology of Water in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Potential of Bacteriophages in Water Quality Monitoring and Treatment to Improve Its Safety B. Obong’o et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16121897
- Use of reclaimed water for unreinforced concrete block production for the self-construction of houses N. Gulamussen et al. https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2021.031
- Challenges of recycled water pricing T. Fagundes & R. Marques https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2023.101569
- Coagulation in municipal water reclamation for industrial reuse: The process effectiveness and impact on chemical stability A. Knap-Bałdyga et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2025.101205
- Development of water reuse: a global review with the focus on India K. Goyal & A. Kumar https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.359
- Global estimates of groundwater withdrawal trends and uncertainties S. Nazari et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adf6ca
- Botswana stock exchange listed companies and sustainable water demand management W. Hambira & O. Kolawole https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2021.103078
- Softening with Ceramic Micro-Filtration for Application on Water Reclamation for Industrial Recirculating Cooling Systems N. Gulamussen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12100980
- Sustainable Water Infrastructure: Visions and Options for Sub-Saharan Africa H. George-Williams et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16041592
- Disinfection methods in urban wastewater reuse: Process performance, chemical stability impact, and end-use suitability A. Knap-Bałdyga et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129984
- Utilizing hydraulic modelling and Geographical Information System (GIS) in developing a water distribution network for reclaimed water M. Adnan et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1022/1/012041
- Feasibility of Using Reclaimed Water from the Alegria Wastewater Treatment Plant in Concrete Mixing Plants in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil L. Silva Junior & M. Obraczka https://doi.org/10.3390/app14125293
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Contribution of Illicit Drug Use to Pharmaceutical Load in the Environment: A Focus on Sub‐Saharan Africa A. Ripanda et al. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9056476
- Challenges of wastewater generation and management in sub-Saharan Africa: A Review M. Onu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2023.100686
- Systematic review on the global strategies and regulatory frameworks for treated wastewater reuse C. da Silva et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teengi.2025.100036
- Measuring household affordability for treated wastewater for non-potable purposes S. Das et al. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2026.191
- Exploring the Microbial Ecology of Water in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Potential of Bacteriophages in Water Quality Monitoring and Treatment to Improve Its Safety B. Obong’o et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16121897
- Use of reclaimed water for unreinforced concrete block production for the self-construction of houses N. Gulamussen et al. https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2021.031
- Challenges of recycled water pricing T. Fagundes & R. Marques https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2023.101569
- Coagulation in municipal water reclamation for industrial reuse: The process effectiveness and impact on chemical stability A. Knap-Bałdyga et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2025.101205
- Development of water reuse: a global review with the focus on India K. Goyal & A. Kumar https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.359
- Global estimates of groundwater withdrawal trends and uncertainties S. Nazari et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adf6ca
- Botswana stock exchange listed companies and sustainable water demand management W. Hambira & O. Kolawole https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2021.103078
- Softening with Ceramic Micro-Filtration for Application on Water Reclamation for Industrial Recirculating Cooling Systems N. Gulamussen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12100980
- Sustainable Water Infrastructure: Visions and Options for Sub-Saharan Africa H. George-Williams et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16041592
- Disinfection methods in urban wastewater reuse: Process performance, chemical stability impact, and end-use suitability A. Knap-Bałdyga et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129984
- Utilizing hydraulic modelling and Geographical Information System (GIS) in developing a water distribution network for reclaimed water M. Adnan et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1022/1/012041
- Feasibility of Using Reclaimed Water from the Alegria Wastewater Treatment Plant in Concrete Mixing Plants in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil L. Silva Junior & M. Obraczka https://doi.org/10.3390/app14125293
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 17 Jun 2026
Short summary
This review paper aims to give an overview of the global trends on water reclamation with a focus on industrial use and to derive lessons for implementation of water reclamation projects in sub-Saharan Africa. It shows that consolidated experience exists about technology and management practices that allows successful implementation of water reclamation projects in the region and contributes to enhancing the understanding of the use of reclaimed water in industry.
This review paper aims to give an overview of the global trends on water reclamation with a...