This review paper aims to give an overview of the global trends on water reclamation with a focus on industrial use and to derive lessons for implementation of water reclamation projects in sub-Saharan Africa. It shows that consolidated experience exists about technology and management practices that allows successful implementation of water reclamation projects in the region and contributes to enhancing the understanding of the use of reclaimed water in industry.

Many rural farming areas are located far from a reliable electricity supply; hence, a reliable source of water for crops and livestock can prove to be an expensive venture. A water pump operating on the water-hammer effect requires no external power source and can serve as an effective means of pumping water to a higher altitude once a reliable supply is available. The small hammer-head pump was designed to operate on the hammer-head effect created by the sudden stoppage of a flowing fluid.