Articles | Volume 6, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-6-47-2013
https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-6-47-2013
05 Jun 2013
 | 05 Jun 2013

Nanofiltration for water and wastewater treatment – a mini review

H. K. Shon, S. Phuntsho, D. S. Chaudhary, S. Vigneswaran, and J. Cho

Abstract. The application of membrane technology in water and wastewater treatment is increasing due to stringent water quality standards. Nanofiltration (NF) is one of the widely used membrane processes for water and wastewater treatment in addition to other applications such as desalination. NF has replaced reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in many applications due to lower energy consumption and higher flux rates. This paper briefly reviews the application of NF for water and wastewater treatment including fundamentals, mechanisms, fouling challenges and their controls.