Articles | Volume 10, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-10-83-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-10-83-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Sep 2017
Research article |
| 14 Sep 2017
Identifying (subsurface) anthropogenic heat sources that influence temperature in the drinking water distribution system
Claudia M. Agudelo-Vera
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
KWR-Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, 3430 BB, the Netherlands
Mirjam Blokker
KWR-Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, 3430 BB, the Netherlands
Henk de Kater
EVIDES Waterbedrijf, Rotterdam, 3006 HC, the Netherlands
Rob Lafort
EVIDES Waterbedrijf, Rotterdam, 3006 HC, the Netherlands
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Cited
17 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Sources, intensities, and implications of subsurface warming in times of climate change M. Noethen et al. 10.1080/10643389.2022.2083899
- Impact of heat islands vs. city greening: Real-time monitoring and modeling of drinking water temperature in the city of Montreal in Canada F. Absalan et al. 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121490
- Impact of rising temperatures on urban underground infrastructure: A state-of-the-art review J. Kho et al. 10.1016/j.tust.2025.106835
- Impact of groundwater seepage on the thermal performance of pit thermal energy storage based on two-phase flow model of porous media Q. Mou et al. 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116333
- Impacts of temperature and hydraulic regime on discolouration and biofilm fouling in drinking water distribution systems K. Fish et al. 10.1371/journal.pwat.0000033
- Drinking Water Temperature around the Globe: Understanding, Policies, Challenges and Opportunities C. Agudelo-Vera et al. 10.3390/w12041049
- Thermal impact of underground car parks on urban groundwater M. Noethen et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166572
- Thermal Behaviour of Piggyback-Laid District Heating and District Cooling Pipes S. Dollhopf et al. 10.2478/rtuect-2025-0034
- Validation of an Enhanced Drinking Water Temperature Model during Distribution M. Blokker et al. 10.3390/w16192796
- Sustainable urban designs integrating aboveground microclimates and underground heat islands: A systematic review and design strategies Y. Wen et al. 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115445
- Urban heat transition and geosystem service provision: A trade-off? A study on subsurface space scarcity in the city of Amsterdam A. Finesso & C. Van Ree 10.1016/j.tust.2022.104619
- Simulating long term discolouration behaviour in large diameter trunk mains I. Sunny et al. 10.1039/D2EW00855F
- It's getting hot in here: Effects of heat on temperature, disinfection, and opportunistic pathogens in drinking water distribution systems K. Furst et al. 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121913
- Influence of thermal energy storage basins on the subsurface and shallow groundwater C. Bott et al. 10.1016/j.est.2024.112222
- Subsurface heat island across the Chicago Loop district: Analysis of localized drivers A. Rotta Loria et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101211
- Prognose der oberflächennahen Grundwassertemperatur in Sachsen-Anhalt M. Noethen et al. 10.1007/s00767-024-00570-z
- Warming drinking water distribution systems in the context of climate change: a scoping review on health-related microbial and chemical water quality effects J. Limaheluw & M. van der Aa 10.2166/wh.2025.059
17 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Sources, intensities, and implications of subsurface warming in times of climate change M. Noethen et al. 10.1080/10643389.2022.2083899
- Impact of heat islands vs. city greening: Real-time monitoring and modeling of drinking water temperature in the city of Montreal in Canada F. Absalan et al. 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121490
- Impact of rising temperatures on urban underground infrastructure: A state-of-the-art review J. Kho et al. 10.1016/j.tust.2025.106835
- Impact of groundwater seepage on the thermal performance of pit thermal energy storage based on two-phase flow model of porous media Q. Mou et al. 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116333
- Impacts of temperature and hydraulic regime on discolouration and biofilm fouling in drinking water distribution systems K. Fish et al. 10.1371/journal.pwat.0000033
- Drinking Water Temperature around the Globe: Understanding, Policies, Challenges and Opportunities C. Agudelo-Vera et al. 10.3390/w12041049
- Thermal impact of underground car parks on urban groundwater M. Noethen et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166572
- Thermal Behaviour of Piggyback-Laid District Heating and District Cooling Pipes S. Dollhopf et al. 10.2478/rtuect-2025-0034
- Validation of an Enhanced Drinking Water Temperature Model during Distribution M. Blokker et al. 10.3390/w16192796
- Sustainable urban designs integrating aboveground microclimates and underground heat islands: A systematic review and design strategies Y. Wen et al. 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115445
- Urban heat transition and geosystem service provision: A trade-off? A study on subsurface space scarcity in the city of Amsterdam A. Finesso & C. Van Ree 10.1016/j.tust.2022.104619
- Simulating long term discolouration behaviour in large diameter trunk mains I. Sunny et al. 10.1039/D2EW00855F
- It's getting hot in here: Effects of heat on temperature, disinfection, and opportunistic pathogens in drinking water distribution systems K. Furst et al. 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121913
- Influence of thermal energy storage basins on the subsurface and shallow groundwater C. Bott et al. 10.1016/j.est.2024.112222
- Subsurface heat island across the Chicago Loop district: Analysis of localized drivers A. Rotta Loria et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101211
- Prognose der oberflächennahen Grundwassertemperatur in Sachsen-Anhalt M. Noethen et al. 10.1007/s00767-024-00570-z
- Warming drinking water distribution systems in the context of climate change: a scoping review on health-related microbial and chemical water quality effects J. Limaheluw & M. van der Aa 10.2166/wh.2025.059
Latest update: 09 Oct 2025
Short summary
Water temperature in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) and at the customers' taps approaches the surrounding soil temperature at 1 m in depth. In the Netherlands drinking water is distributed without additional residual disinfectant and drinking water temperature at the customers' tap should not exceed 25 ºC. Some urban infrastructures are heat sources and generate hot-spots. This article describes a method to find anthropogenic heat sources that influence temperature in the DWDS.
Water temperature in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) and at the customers' taps...
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