Articles | Volume 10, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-10-119-2017
https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-10-119-2017
Research article
 | 
16 Nov 2017
Research article |  | 16 Nov 2017

Use of an external organic carbon source in the removal of nitrates in bio-sand filters (BSFs)

Crispen Mutsvangwa and Evans Matope

Viewed

Total article views: 2,231 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total Supplement BibTeX EndNote
1,336 799 96 2,231 184 95 100
  • HTML: 1,336
  • PDF: 799
  • XML: 96
  • Total: 2,231
  • Supplement: 184
  • BibTeX: 95
  • EndNote: 100
Views and downloads (calculated since 18 Aug 2017)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 18 Aug 2017)

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 2,231 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 2,153 with geography defined and 78 with unknown origin.
Country # Views %
  • 1
1
 
 
 
 

Cited

Latest update: 14 Dec 2024
Download
Short summary
Low-income countries lack the capacity to remove chemical contaminants like nitrates. Hence, an economical water filtration technology was explored, which is bio-sand filtration. In order to enhance the removal of nitrates through denitrification, a modified bio-sand filter with ethanol as an external carbon source at C / N ratios of 1.1 and 1.8 was investigated. The results of the research showed a removal rate of 53 % at a C / N ratio of 1.8.