This paper presents a simple methodology for assessing the supplying capacity of demand nodes under pressure-deficient conditions by assigning the respective emitter coefficient only to those nodes facing the pressure-deficit condition. Though the proposed approach follows an iterative methodology using EPANET software, the computational burden of adding artificial elements to the other methods is avoided and is hence useful for analyzing large networks.

The present work focuses on the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) on erbium trioxide nanoparticles (Er₂O₃ NPs). The results revealed that the photocatalytic activity of the prepared Er₂O₃ NPs towards methyl orange photodegradation was manifested.

Fifty-five samples of water were investigated, and the results revealed that cadmium and lead contents exceeded the allowable level for drinking water. Also, they pose a health risk to residents.

Drinking-water quality monitoring is essential before consumption, as the available water is contaminated and can cause illness in an individual. The traditional methods for water quality monitoring require sample collection at different sites and a subsequent laboratory test which is labor- and cost-intensive. To, overcome this problem, a real-time drinking water quality measurement platform is designed which can provide on-site efficient water quality monitoring.

This review paper aims to give an overview of the global trends on water reclamation with a focus on industrial use and to derive lessons for implementation of water reclamation projects in sub-Saharan Africa. It shows that consolidated experience exists about technology and management practices that allows successful implementation of water reclamation projects in the region and contributes to enhancing the understanding of the use of reclaimed water in industry.

Many rural farming areas are located far from a reliable electricity supply; hence, a reliable source of water for crops and livestock can prove to be an expensive venture. A water pump operating on the water-hammer effect requires no external power source and can serve as an effective means of pumping water to a higher altitude once a reliable supply is available. The small hammer-head pump was designed to operate on the hammer-head effect created by the sudden stoppage of a flowing fluid.