<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" specific-use="SMUR" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">DWESD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">DWESD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1996-9481</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/dwesd-5-533-2012</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Method of evaluation of efficiency improvement potential for water supply systems with focus on variable speed centrifugal pumps</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pilscikovs</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dzelzitis</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Heat, Gas and Water Technology, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>06</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>533</fpage>
<lpage>553</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2012 D. Pilscikovs</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://dwes.copernicus.org/preprints/5/533/2012/dwesd-5-533-2012.html">This article is available from https://dwes.copernicus.org/preprints/5/533/2012/dwesd-5-533-2012.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://dwes.copernicus.org/preprints/5/533/2012/dwesd-5-533-2012.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://dwes.copernicus.org/preprints/5/533/2012/dwesd-5-533-2012.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The goal of this research is the derivation of the method for evaluation of
efficiency improvement potential for public water supply systems with a
focus on centrifugal network pumps. The efficiency of proportional pressure
control usage has been analyzed for variable speed pumps. It has been done if
proportional pressure control is used in comparison with constant pressure
control mode. For this reason, energy calculation analyses have been
realized for variable speed centrifugal pumps, and the theoretical tool of
estimation of the efficiency improvement potential for public water supply
systems has been derived. The conclusions are as follows: (1) it has been
found that 1110 MWh of annually consumed electrical energy can be saved up,
if the control mode of variable speed network pumps will be changed from
constant pressure to proportional pressure control mode with the deviation
of 20% from head value of duty point at zero flow; (2) about 13 MWh of
annually consumed electrical energy can be saved up, if the proportional
pressure control mode with the deviation of 15% will be changed to the
deviation of 20%; (3) totally about 1123 MWh or 1.12 GWh (14% of the
annually consumed electrical energy by variable speed network pumps) can be
saved up in small public water supply systems in Latvia.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="21"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="ref1">
<label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Astron, K. J. and Wittenmark, B.: Adaptive Control, 2nd Edn., Addison Wesley, Reading, 1995.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref2">
<label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Bernier, M. and Bourret, B.: Pumping energy and variable frequency drives, ASHRAE, 1999.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref3">
<label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">ButK Consortium: Grant Agreement EIE/06/010/SI2.443504: Calculation and reporting of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission and savings attributable to lighting, 2007.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref4">
<label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Cedar Falls: Pump School, Efficiency and Life-Cycle-Cost Calculation, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pumpschool.com&quot;&gt;http://www.pumpschool.com&lt;/a&gt;, 1998.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref5">
<label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Cherkassky, V. M.: Pumps fans compressors, Mir Publishers, 1980.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref6">
<label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Cuha, D.: The presentation of energy economy in centrifugal pumps and centrifugal pump systems, Hotel Dedeman Istanbul, Turkey, 2005.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref7">
<label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Eco-Conscious Design of Electrical{&amp;}Electronic Equipment, German Blue Angel Labelling Scheme: Blauer Engel, 2002.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref8">
<label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Ertoz, A. O.: Energy efficiency in pumps, 6th national installations engineering and congress, Istanbul, 2003.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref9">
<label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Europump: Pump Life Cycle Costs, Brussels, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europump.org&quot;&gt;http://www.europump.org&lt;/a&gt;, 2001.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref10">
<label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Frenkel, N. Z.: Hydraulics, Gosenergizdat, 1956 (original in Russian).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref11">
<label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Giribone, P., Beebe, R., and Hovstadius, G.: System Efficiency (a guide for energy efficient rotodynamic pumping systems), Europump, 2006.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref12">
<label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Grundfos Management A/S: Grundfos WebCAPS (Computer Aided Product Selection), 2010.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref13">
<label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Hegberg, R. A.: Converting constant-speed hydraulic pumping systems to variable-speed pumping, ASHRAE, 1991.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref14">
<label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Kaya, D. and Canka Kılıc, F.: Energy conservation opportunity in VSD system – a case study, World energy engineering congress proceedings, Texas, USA, 2004.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref15">
<label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Kaya, D. and Gungor, C.: The potential of energy economy in industry – I, Eng. Mech., 514, 20–30, 2002.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref16">
<label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">LBN 222-99: \={U}densapg\={a}des \={a}r\={e}jie t\={i}kli un b\={u}ves/Outward water supply networks and buildings, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.likumi.lv&quot;&gt;http://www.likumi.lv&lt;/a&gt;, 2000.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref17">
<label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Lobanoff, S. and Ross, R.: Centrifugal pumps: design &amp; application, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref18">
<label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Machine Design by engineers for engineers: Pump Controls, Cleveland, &lt;a href=&quot;http://machinedesign.com&quot;&gt;http://machinedesign.com&lt;/a&gt;, 2002.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref19">
<label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Palgrave, R.: Troubleshooting Centrifugal Pumps and their systems, Elsevier Ltd., 2003.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref20">
<label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">POMSAD: Accessible efficiency for centrifugal pumps, no. 10, 2001.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref21">
<label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">POMSAD: Lifelong cost in pumps: lifelong cost for plants that using pumps, no. 12, 2001</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref22">
<label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">POMSAD: The operation of rotodynamic pumps with different values than their, Turkey, no. 11, 2001.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref23">
<label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">POMSAD: The pump terms guide, Turkey, no. 2, 1997.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref24">
<label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Roberson, J. A., Cassidy, J. J., and Hanif Chaudhry, M.: Hydraulic Engineering, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1997.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref25">
<label>25</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">The Indian Economy (the internet newspaper): Classification Of Towns &amp; Cities In Terms Of Population Size, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theindianeconomy.com&quot;&gt;http://www.theindianeconomy.com&lt;/a&gt;,  2012.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref26">
<label>26</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">The Gemini Building: AEA Energy{&amp;}Environment (from the AEA group), Appendix 7: Lot 11, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref27">
<label>27</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Trinath, S. and Amitabh, G.: Energy cost savings with centrifugal pumps, World Pumps, 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref28">
<label>28</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">US Department of Energy: Energy Tips – Pumping Systems, Washington, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/&quot;&gt;http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/&lt;/a&gt;, 2005.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref29">
<label>29</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Yigit, K. S., Sozbir, N., Sarac, H. I., and Brawn, D. M.: Experimental investigation of optimum centrifugal pumps speeds, Second international conference on pumps and fans, vol. II, Beijing, China, 1995.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref30">
<label>30</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Wilo, S. E.: Wilo-Select Online, Water supply pumps: technical parameters, 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref31">
<label>31</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">World Pumps: Energy cost savings with centrifugal pumps, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldpumps.com&quot;&gt;http://www.worldpumps.com&lt;/a&gt;, 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref32">
<label>32</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Vilner, J. M., Kovalev, J. T., and Nekrasov, B. B.: The handbook on hydraulics, hydrocars and hydraulic actuators, Visheyshaya shkola, 1976 (original in Russian).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>